Loud The End The End You're listening to the Hour of the Time. I'm William Cooper. So before we get into our broadcast, I have a couple of letters to read to you that are important. For I made you a promise, and true to my word, this is a letter from Mrs. Tommy F. Lyon to Mr. Tal Brook. Hearing you on a Marlon Maddow point-of-view repeat broadcast last week reminded me of a question I've been wanting to ask. Last July 7, 1994, William Cooper, on his shortwave radio program, Hour of the Time, stated that you, Tal Brook, had written Pat Robertson's New World Order book. Cooper did not say how he came by the information. Would you please tell me if this is true, or if you assisted in writing the book in any way? I realize that ghostwriting is an accepted practice, so there is no problem. I would simply like to know if Bill Cooper's statement was true, partially true, or untrue. Yours truly, Mrs. Tommy F. Lyon. And here's the reply from Mr. Tal Brook, dated January 24, 1995. I believe this was faxed. He said, Dear Mrs. Lyon, in answer to your query, I did not write Pat Robertson's New World Order book, and I had nothing to do with the writing of his book. Yes, he cites my writings in the book. But that does not make someone who is quoted either a co-author or a contributor, nor have I ever spoken with William Cooper. I barely know who he is, nor has he ever checked with me. So he is wrong about me and Pat Robertson's book, sadly. There is no better business bureau that can endorse the credibility, reliability, and integrity of various experts at large. If Cooper is wrong about me and Pat Robertson's book, and he is, what does that say about the rest of the stuff he claims to know? Yours truly, Tal Brook. And down at the bottom, Mrs. Lyon pins, Bill Cooper, who am I to believe? Signed, Mrs. Lyon. Mrs. Lyon and everyone else, as I have told you over and over and over and over and over again, listen to everyone, read everything, believe absolutely nothing unless you can prove it. My sources, I believe, are pretty close to impeccable. Two are insiders in the Pat Robertson organization, whom I cannot name because they would obviously lose their job. Another is a prominent person within Christian circles who has nothing to do with the Pat Robertson organization, and it was from this person that I first heard this statement. After hearing this, I found it incredible, but after reading Pat Robertson's book where he says absolutely nothing in it that is revelatory in any way, I began to check with people who listen to this broadcast and write to me, who are on the inside in Mr. Robertson's own organization. They confirmed to me that Tal Brook had indeed written a major part of the book, if not all of the book. Now, if Tal Brook had indeed written Pat Robertson's book entitled The New World Order, he probably would have had to sign a contract stating that he could not reveal that fact because his name is nowhere on the cover sheet as a ghost writer or as a contributor or published with or anything else. In fairness to Mr. Tal Brook and Pat Robertson and everyone else, I read Mrs. Lyons' letter to Tal Brook and his reply. We were unable to contact either Tal Brook, who was traveling at the time, or Mr. Pat Robertson before we aired that broadcast. So, remember folks, I've always told you, if there's even a possibility that I could be wrong, I'm going to let you know so that you can make up your own mind. I've always done it, always will do it. I will confront my three sources with Mrs. Lyons' letter and Mr. Tal Brook's reply and see if I cannot get any further clarifications or if I can substantiate that my sources were wrong. And if so, I will further relay that information to you, as I have always done in the past and will continue to do in the future. There's one difference between me and other broadcasters, ladies and gentlemen. If I'm wrong, I'll tell you. If I make a mistake, I'll tell you. You see, I could have kept that secret. None of you would ever know. But you don't hear anybody else ever, ever do that. And that's why you're safe listening to the hour of the time. But only if you have a habit of conducting your own research, and as I have admonished over and over again, listen to everyone, read everything, believe nothing unless you can prove it yourself. For the deception in this world is so deep, ladies and gentlemen, and truth is so elusive, that if you do not do that as a normal and regular practice in your life, you will be deceived. And I am only human, and so is everyone else who is in the information business. We make mistakes. I have told you over and over again that we are constantly fed bad information by people who want to damage our credibility, and just wading through it and determining the truth from the false is a major part of what we do around here. And every once in a while, we will get trapped. But not as often as you get trapped, I guarantee you. Nouvels Crinfan Thank you. Thank you. Here is the theory. Quote, It is thus necessary that the individual should finally come to realize that his own ego is of no importance in comparison with the existence of his nation. A nation can be read, people, race, church, folk. you can substitute any of those words for nation as you will see because I interrupted I will back up and start again and continue it all the way through the quote quote it is thus necessary that the individual should finally come to realize that his own ego is of no importance in comparison with the existence of his nation that the position of the individual ego is conditioned solely by the interests of the nation as a whole that above all the unity of a nation's spirit and will are worth far more than the freedom of the spirit and will of an individual the state of mind which subordinates the interest of the ego to the conservation of the community is really the first premise for every truly human culture the basic attitude from which such activity arises we call to distinguish it from egoism and selfishness idealism by this we understand only the individual's capacity to make sacrifices for the community for his fellow men these statements were made in our century ladies and gentlemen by the leader of a major western nation his countrymen his countrymen regarded his viewpoint as uncontroversial his political program implemented it faithfully the statements dear listeners were made by Adolf Hitler he was explaining the moral philosophy of Nazism which is at its heart nothing more or less than socialism communism just one step above communism and by all definitions a couple of steps below a republic that's measured on the scale of right to left going from total control to total absence of control Nazis are on the left you see the Nazis were not a tribe of prehistoric savages their crimes ladies and gentlemen were the official legal acts and policies of modern Germany an educated industrialized civilized western European nation a nation renowned throughout the world for the luster of its intellectual and cultural achievements by reason of its long line of famous artists and thinkers Germany has been called quote the land of poets and philosophers end quote and make no mistake about it their contribution to civilization has been great but its education offered the country no protection against the sergeant malls in its ranks the German university students you see were among the earliest groups to back Hitler the intellectuals as they always are were among his regime's most ardent supporters and you find that today in the United States on every college campus across this country professors with distinguished academic credentials eager to pronounce their benediction on the Führer's cause put their scholarship to work full time they turned out a library of admiring volumes adorned with obscure allusions to the learned references veiled in mysticism and the perverted spirituality the Nazis did not gain power ladies and gentlemen against the country's wishes it didn't happen that way in this respect there was absolutely no gulf between the intellectuals and the people the Nazi party was elected to office by the freely cast ballots of millions of German voters including men on every single social economic and educational level in the national election of July 1932 the Nazis obtained 37% of the vote and a plurality of seats in the Reichstag on January the 30th 1933 in full accordance with the country's legal and constitutional principles Hitler was appointed chancellor and only five weeks later in the last and semi-free election of the pre-totalitarian period the Nazis obtained 17 million votes which was a full 44% of the total the voters were aware of the Nazi ideology Nazi literature including statements of their plans for the future papered the country they could be found everywhere blowing with the wind in the gutters tacked upon fences pasted up on walls all during the last years of the Weimar Republic Mein Kampf alone sold more than 200,000 copies between 1925 and 1932 the essence of the political system ladies and gentlemen which Hitler intended to establish in Germany was very clear there was no mystery to anyone in 1933 when Hitler did establish the system that he had promised he did not find it necessary to forbid foreign travel until World War II and those Germans who wished to flee the country could do so with little if any problem the overwhelming majority did not flee they were satisfied to remain you see the system which Hitler established the social reality which so many Germans were so eager to embrace are so willing to endure for it must have been one or the other the politics which began in a theory and ended in the concentration camps was very simply the total state the term from which the adjective totalitarian derives was in fact coined by Hitler's mentor Mussolini the state must have absolute power over every man and over every sphere of human activity the Nazis declared and I quote the authority of the Fuhrer is not limited by checks and controls by special autonomous bodies or individual rights but it is free and independent all inclusive and unlimited end quote that statement was made by Ernst Huber an official party spokesman in 1933 and he went on to say the concept of personal liberties of the individual as opposed to the authority of the state had to disappear it is not to be reconciled with the principle of the nationalistic right said Huber to a country which listened and nodded and he went on quote there are no personal liberties of the individual which fall outside of the realm of the state and which must be respected by the state the constitution of the nationalistic right is therefore not based upon a system of inborn and inalienable rights of the individual end quote now folks if the term statism designates a concentration of power in the state at the expense of individual liberty then nazism in politics was definitely a form of statism in principle it did not represent a new approach to government for it was a continuation of the political absolutism the absolute monarchies the oligarchies the theocracies the random tyrannies the racism which has characterized most of human history now many writers dear listeners have noted many similarities between america today and germany before hitler and i have brought this attention to your attention on many occasions during the hour of the time these same writers have been shrugged off their own observations they succumbed to the notion spread by today's intellectuals who have bought into socialism hook line and sinker that it is bad history to compare two different countries and this notion itself a symptom of our current crisis means that there are no principles governing human action and that it is bad history to learn from history and that I can assure you we have never learned to do for history goes in cycles and repeats itself over and over and over again throughout the ages the similarities however cannot be shrugged off the crisis is real you see the crisis is the fact that our country the United States of America the freest the most productive and until recently the most moral country in the world is now moving in Hitler's direction America is moving ladies and gentlemen toward a Nazi form of totalitarianism it has been doing this for decades it has been doing so gradually by default and for the most part unknowingly but it is doing this systematically and without any significant opposition in every cultural area from science and education to art religion to politics and economics the trend is now unmistakable there are differences between America and the Weimar Republic you see our future as far as one can judge is still indeterminate there is a chance in fact the great the great question mark of uncertainty hangs over the head of every citizen almost every day but the current trend will not be checked unless we grasp in terms of essentials the ominous parallels between the two countries and above all the basic cause behind those parallels you see if we are to avoid a fate like that of Germany we must find out what made such a fate possible we must find out what at the very root is required to turn a country Germany or any other into a Nazi dictatorship and then we must uproot that root if it can be done we have to look for something deeper than practical conditions something that dictates man's view of what constitutes the practical you see in an advanced civilized country a handful of men were able to gain for their criminal schemes the enthusiastic backing of literally millions of decent educated law-abiding citizens and just what is the factor that made this possible you see criminal groups and schemes have existed throughout history in every country someone is scheming in your town right this moment they've been able to succeed only in certain periods you see the mere presence of these groups is not sufficient to account for their victory something made so many Germans so vulnerable to a takeover something armed the criminals and disarmed the country does that sound familiar it should it it should ring bells all over your house all over the room you're sitting in observe in this connection that the Nazis correctly regarded the power of propaganda as an indispensable tool they could not have won the support of the German masses but for the systematic preaching of a complex array of theories doctrines opinions notions beliefs mysticism them and not one of their central beliefs was ever original as are none of those being bandied about today original they found those beliefs widespread and waiting in the culture and they seized upon them and broadcast them at top volume thrusting them with an intensity back into the streets of Germany and the men in the streets heard and recognized and sympathized with this propaganda and they embraced those beliefs and then they voted for their exponents the Germans ladies and gentlemen would not have recognized or embraced those beliefs in the 19th century when the West was still being influenced by the remnants of the age of reason and the enlightenment when the doctrines of the rights of man and the autonomy of the individual were paramount but by the 20th century such doctrines and the convictions on which they depended were no longer paramount Germany was ideologically ripe for Hitler just as the United States of America is ripe for whatever Messiah has the charisma and the political savvy to step up on the throne the intellectual groundwork had been prepared the country's ideas a certain special category of ideas were ready born deep within the mysteries there's a science whose subject matter is that category of ideas and today in our colleges this science has sunk to the lowest point in its history its teachers have declared that it has no questions to ask no method to follow and no answers to offer and as a result it is disappearing it's losing its identity its intelligibility its students and the last vestiges of its once noble reputation it is the science of asking questions something that I have tried to instill in each and every one of you every single night of this broadcast for the last two and three quarter years no one among the intellectuals of today or the general public would even suspect any longer that this science could be relevant to human life or action yet it is practiced amongst an elite group behind the closed doors of the lodges of the mysteries and this science ladies and gentlemen and make no mistake about it this science determines the destiny of nations and the course of history it is the source of a nation's frame of reference and code of values the root of a people's character and culture the fundamental cause shaping men's choices and decisions in every single crucial area of their lives it is the science which directs men to embrace this work or to seek out some other that is said to transcend it which directs them to reason or superstition to the pursuit of happiness or self sacrifice to production or starvation to freedom or to slavery to life or even to death it is the science ladies and gentlemen which made the difference between the east and the west between the middle ages and the renaissance between the founding fathers of the new continent and the adolf hitlers of the old it is the science which had to be destroyed if the catastrophes of our time were to become possible and that science is philosophy philosophy is the study of the nature of existence of knowledge and the values and values translates into ethics and morals the branch of philosophy that studies existence is metaphysics and you have been taught to laugh at it metaphysics identifies the nature of the universe as a whole it tells men what kind of world they live in and whether there is a supernatural dimension beyond it or nothing at all it tells men whether they live in a world of solid entities natural laws absolute facts or in a world of illusory fragments unpredictable miracles and ceaseless flux it tells men whether the things that they perceive by their senses and mind form a comprehensible reality with which they can deal or some kind of unreal appearance which leaves them staring and helpless the branch ladies and gentlemen the philosophy that studies knowledge is epistemology and epistemology identifies the proper means of acquiring knowledge you see it tells men which mental processes to employ as methods of cognition and which to reject as invalid or deceptive you see above all epistemology tells men whether reason is their faculty of gaining knowledge and if so how it works or whether there is a means of knowledge other than reason such as faith or the instinct of society or the feelings of the dictator or as Mr. Clerken put it listening to the blood the branch of philosophy that studies values is ethics or morality which rests on both the above branches on a view of the world in which man acts and of man's nature including his means of knowledge for ethics defines the code of values to guide human actions it tells men the proper purpose of man's life and the means of achieving it it provides the standard by which men are to judge good and evil right and wrong the desirable and the undesirable ethics tells a man for instance to pursue his own fulfillment or to sacrifice himself for the sake of something else such as God or his neighbor or his nation or his race the branch of philosophy that applies ethics to social questions is politics which studies the nature of social systems and the proper functions of government and this is probably the first time that many of you have ever known that politics is not the start but the product of a philosophic system and if that system is absent politics is chaotic by their nature political questions cannot be raised or judged except on the basis of some view of existence of values and of man's proper means of knowledge don't go away I'll be right back take talk to you The End The End The End The End The End The End The End The End The End The End The End The End It was monolithic. Now if we were to view the West's philosophic development in terms of essentials, there are three fateful turning points which stand out. Three major philosophers who are responsible for generating the disease of collectivism and transmitting it to the dictators of our century. Our hippie is the end of the end. The end of the end of the end of the end of the end of the end of the earth is Aristotle. The end of the end of the end of the end of the Indermost Batista. Because Plato's metaphysics holds that reality is thus fundamentally spiritual or non-material in nature. He describes it technically in philosophy as idealism. So his reality is idealism, which most of us who strive for idealism found cannot be reached. And rejects the world around us, which we perceive as reality, as non-reality. The content of true reality, according to Plato, is a set of universals or forms. In effect, a set of disembodied abstractions representing that which is in common among various groups of particulars in this world. And because of this, for Plato, abstractions are supernatural existence. They are non-material entities in another dimension. Independent of man's mind and of any of their material embodiments. The forms, Plato tells us repeatedly, are what is really real. The particulars they subsume. The concretes that make up this world are not. They have only a shadowy, dreamlike, half-reality. And I can see you shaking your head. This can't be true, you say. No one would pay any attention to this gobbledygook, but I can assure you, they do. It is the heart and soul of the religion taught in the Freemasonic lodges. And if you've listened to our series, and the mysteries, you already know that. Momentous conclusions about man are implicit in this metaphysics. And were later made explicit by a long line of Platonists. Since individual men are merely particular instances of the universal man. They are not ultimately real. What is real about men is only the form which they share in common and reflect. To common sense, there appear to be many separate individual men. Each independent of the others. Each fully real in his own right. But to Platonism, to Platonism, this is a deception, you see. All the seemingly individual men are really the same one form in various reflections or manifestations of itself. Thus all men ultimately comprise one unity. And no earthly man is an autonomous entity. Just as if a man were reflected in a multifaceted mirror. The many reflections would not be autonomous entities. And the whole is God. Thus the concept that man. If he perfects himself. Through the teachings of the mysteries behind the lodge door. Of course. Will himself. Be among God. This is the promise of Lucifer. Of Satan in the Garden of Eden. But remember. To these men. That is only a metaphor. A tale explaining the inexplicable. Now what follows in regard to human action. According to Plato. Plato is a life of self-sacrificial service. When men gather in society. Says Plato. The unit of reality. And the standard of value. Is the community as a whole. Whatever community you belong to. Whether it is a racial community. A community. A community within a nation. The world as community. As is being touted now. In the universities. The environment as your community. A religious organization. Makes no difference. This applies. This applies. In any case. Where a community exists. And where the life. Is considered to be a self-sacrificial service. To that community. Each man. Therefore. According to this philosophy. Must strive as far as he can. To wipe out his individuality. His personal desires. His ambitions. And everything else. And merge himself. Into the community. Becoming one with it. And living only to serve. Its welfare. On this view. The collective. Is not. An aggregate. But an entity. You see. Society. The state. Is regarded. As a living organism. This is the so-called. Organic theory. Of the state. And the individual. Becomes merely. A cell. Of this organism's body. With no more rights. Or privileges. Than belong. To any other such cell. The first. And highest form. Of the state. And of the government. And of the law. Plato writes. Is a condition. In which the private. And individual. Is altogether. Banished from life. And things. Which are by nature. Private. Such as eyes. And ears. And hands. Have become common. And in some way. See. And hear. And act in common. And all men. Express praise. And blame. And feel joy. And sorrow. On the same occasions. And whatever laws. There are. Unite the city. To the utmost. End quote. As for those. Individualistic. Terms. Mine. And. Not mine. Another's. And. Not another's. Yours. And mine. And hers. And his. The best. Ordered state. Will be the one. In which the largest. Number of persons. Use these terms. In the same sense. And which accordingly. Most nearly resembles. A single person. Ladies and gentlemen. He is describing. Communism. In its purest form. A. A dialectic. Which has never. In history. Appeared. In its purest form. Even though. Some have tried. To bring it into the world. For the old human failings. Always. Get in the way. The advocacy. Of the omnipotent state. Follows. From the above. As a matter. Of course. The function. And authority. Of the state. According to Plato. Should be unlimited. The state. Should indoctrinate. The citizens. With government approved. Ideas. In government run. Schools. Censor all art. And literature. And philosophy. Assign men. Their vocations. As they come of age. Regulate their economic. And in certain cases. Even their sexual activities. As was done. In Nazi Germany. The program. Of government. Domination. Of the individual. Is thoroughly worked out. In Plato's. Republic. And laws. One can read. The details. Which are the first. Blueprint. Of the totalitarian. Ideal. An ideal. Which has already taken. Firm root. And its branches. Are spreading. Throughout this. Country. And indeed. Throughout the world. The blueprint. Includes. The view. That the state. Should be ruled. By a special. Elite. The philosophers. The title. To absolute power. Plato explains. Is their special wisdom. A council. Of wise men. A wisdom. Which derives. From their insight. Into true reality. And especially. Into its supreme. Governing principle. The so-called. Form of the good. And without a grasp. Of this form. According to Plato. No man. Can understand. The universe. Or even. How to conduct. His own life. But to grasp. This crucial principle. Plato continues. And here you can. Just begin to see. The relevance. Of epistemology. To politics. The mind. Is inadequate. The form. Of the good. You see. Cannot be known. By the use of reason. It cannot be reached. By a process. Of logic. According to Plato. It transcends. Human concepts. And human language. It cannot be defined. Described. Or discussed. It can be grasped. But only after years. Of an ascetic preparation. Only by. An ineffable. Mystic. Experience. A kind of sudden. Incommunicable. Revelation. Or intuition. Which is reserved. To the philosophical. Elite. The mass of men. By contrast. Are entangled. In the personal. Concerns. Of this life. Sheeple. If you will. They're enslaved. To the lower world. Revealed. To them. By their senses. They only work. Because they need money. To buy some booze. To have a party. And get laid. They're incapable. Of achieving. Mystic. Contact. With a supernatural. Principle. They are fit. Only. To obey orders. This. This. Is the platonic. Philosophy. Such. Ladies and gentlemen. In its essentials. Is the view of reality. Of man. And of the state. Which one of the most. Influential philosophers. Of all time. Infused into the stream. Of western culture. It has served. Ever since. As the basic. Theoretical foundation. By reference. To which. Aspiring. And actual. Dictators. Both ancient. And modern. Have sought. To justify. Their political systems. Some of those dictators. Never read. Or even heard. Of Plato. I can assure you. But absorbed. His kind. Of ideas. Indirectly. At home. In church. In the streets. In the prisons. Are from the gutter. Some. However. Did go back. To the source. Plato. Notes. Walter Kaufman. And I quote. Was widely read. In German schools. Under the Nazis. And special editions. Were prepared. For Greek classes. In the gymnasium. Gathering. Together. Allegedly. Fascist. Pathages. Instead of compiling. A list. Of the many. Similar contributions. To the Plato. Literature. It may suffice. To mention. That Dr. Hans. F. K. Wunther. From whom. The Nazis. Admittedly. Received. Their racial. Theories. Also. Devoted. An entire book. To Plato. End quote. And as to. Alfred. Rosenberg. Hitler's. Official. Ideologist. And a Jew. He celebrates. Plato. As one. Who wanted. In the end. To save. His people. On a racial basis. Through a forcible. Constitution. Dictatorial. Into every detail. Now. If mankind. Has not perished. From such. Constitutions. If it has not. Collapsed. Permanently. Into the swamp. Of statism. But has fought. Its way up. Through tortured. Centuries. Of brief rises. And long. Drawn out. Falls. Like a man. Fighting paralysis. By the power. Of an inexhaustible vitality. It is only because. That power. Has been provided. By a giant. Whose philosophic system. Is on virtually. Every fundamental issue. The opposite. Of Plato's. And that great spokesman. For man. And for this earth. Is. And has always been. Aristotle. You see. Aristotle. Is the champion. Of this world. The champion. Of nature. As against the super. Naturalism. Of Plato. Denying. Plato's. World of forms. Aristotle maintains. That there is only. One. Reality. The world. Of particulars. In which we live. The world. Men perceive. By means. Of their physical senses. Universals. He holds. Are just. Aspects. Of existing. Entities. Isolated. In thought. By a process. Of selective. Attention. They have no existence. Apart from particulars. Reality. Is comprised. Not of platonic. Abstractions. But of concrete. Individual. Entities. Each. With a definite. Nature. Each. Obeying the laws. Inherent. In its nature. History. Aristotle's. Universe. Is the universe. Of science. The physical world. And his view. Is not a shadowy. Projection. Controlled. By some divine. Dimension. But an autonomous. Self-sufficient. Realm. It's an orderly. Intelligible. Natural. Realm. Opened. To the mind. Of man. And in such a universe. Ladies and gentlemen. Knowledge. Cannot be acquired. By special. Revelations. From another dimension. There's no place. For ineffable. Institutions. Of the beyond. He repudiates. The mystical. Elements. In Plato's. Epistemology. Aristotle. Is the father. Of logic. And the champion. Of reason. As man's. Only means. Of knowledge. Knowledge. He holds. Must be based. On. And derived. From the data. Of sense. Experience. It must be formulated. In terms of. Objectivity. Defined. Concepts. It must be validated. By a process. Of logic. You see. For Plato. The good life. Is essentially. One. Of renunciation. And selflessness. A life. That is not a life. Man should flee. From the pleasures. Of this world. In the name. Of fidelity. To a higher dimension. Just as he should negate. His own individuality. In the name. Of union. With the collective. And in that. Kind. Of a world. Liberty. Liberty. Does not exist. There are no. Creator endowed rights. For man. Nor protection. Of those rights. But for Aristotle. The good life. Is one of personal. Self. Fulfillment. Man should enjoy. The values. Of this world. He should use. His mind. To the fullest. Each man. Should work. To achieve. His own happiness. Here. On earth. And in the process. He should be conscious. Of his own. Value. Pride. Writes. Aristotle. A national pride. I should say. A rational pride. In oneself. And in one's moral character. Is. When it is earned. The crown. Of the virtues. And we will continue. Tomorrow night. Ladies and gentlemen. For this is important. That you understand. What is happening. And where it is coming from. And if you haven't been. To a university. In a long time. I suggest you go. And sit in. On some of these classes. You will hear. What I have. Relayed to you tonight. Being taught. To your children. Over. And over. And over. Again. In almost every classroom. That they. Inhabit. This broadcast. Tonight. Was brought to you. From a book. Entitled. The ominous. Parallel. By Leonard Peikoff. It's a brilliant study. Ladies and gentlemen. Of America. Today. And the ominous. Parallels. With the utter chaos. Of pre-Hitler Germany. Good night. And God bless you all. And God save this republic. Good night. Good night. Good night. Good night. Good night. Good night. Good night. Good night. Good night. Good night. Good night. Good night. Good night. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you.