X X X X X X X X Come on. Come on. By all means available to us. And I mean with all means. No exceptions whatsoever. And in the next couple of days or next week. And we're not going to go off the air as planned next Wednesday. Now that this development has occurred. We will be right here broadcasting every single day. And the day that you don't hear 101.1 FM. You'll know that they succeeded. We now continue with part two of Jay Reynolds and Gardening. Are good. I see nothing. That can really help out. I have plans to build one. But I just have. Yes. I'm doing it. And I wonder if this is a good idea. You know when she's driving near the 10th then? Oh, yeah. Whether it's a pollinator or not. At the end of the season, sometimes I can run with you. And we've been growing a ton. Is that good on me? Maybe. Maybe. All right. Ready? Yeah. Yeah. Great. Yeah. All right. Okay. Vitamins. One other thing. Before, while we were on break, Bob mentioned, he didn't really understand how you started the sweet potato. You actually break off that vine, plant it maybe two inches deep at the least. Although this spring, my sweet potatoes, we had an early spring. They hadn't mined as long as they usually do. They hadn't scrubbed it as long as they usually do. I planted some that were probably only half an inch long. Just a little bitty nymphs. And they all grew. So, you do have to do that. One other thing you can do if you have a long enough season. You can plant your first set of sprouts. They can grow up for a ways. And then you can break off that tip and plant it again. You all lived in the tropics. I've seen, when I farmed in the tropics in the Virgin Islands, I've seen a fellow plant one row. He had a big field. He planted one row of sweet potatoes. And every two weeks, he would plant another one off of that one row. And every two weeks. And so, every two weeks. When he harvested, he'd go to market. And fresh stuff every two weeks. All the time. So, they reproduce very easy. It's just a constant thing. Do I have a root on it? No. They'll strike root anywhere along that stem. Oh. Anywhere. Okay. Do you leave anything in the background? Oh, no. You leave the tip. The growing tip. Above ground. Yeah. Never. Never. You can take that in water. And it'll grow houseplants for you, too. Pretty. The next subject is vitamins. We can't store these vitamins in our body. You can store some minerals in your body, but you can't store vitamin A and C. You have them all the time. So, it's very important that we have a source of that. You might wonder how you get it in the winter. Well, you have to keep them fresh. Or can them. Or preserve them. And I have a whole section I'm going to speak on on food preservation. But what I've got here is a nice chart. It came from my grandfather's book. And it gives you the amount of vitamin A and C in these crops. They've got other vitamins. They've got minerals in them, too. But they categorize. They tell you a general idea of how many of each type to plant. I figure the more, the better. Once you have excess, you can. And once you can, you can sell. Or trade. Over on the right, there's another section of the chart that shows you, in general, how many and how much you plant per person for fresh use and for processing, which is preserving. These figures, I don't know. It depends on how much, how productive your soil is. If it's more productive, you might be able to get by with less. If it's less productive, you might have to double it. So, I can't say for sure. When you look at the abbreviation, you'll see like about the fourth, fifth one down, cantaloupes. It says three to five hills. What that is, commonly, cantaloupes are planted, not in a long row, but in individual hills. You can plant them in a long row if you want to. It's just a customary thing. I'm not sure that it's really necessary to do it in hills. I've done it both ways. When you see plants, they mean pre-started transplants. It's PLTS. It stands for pre-started plants, like in broccoli. You don't have to pre-start the plants. It depends on your climate. You could plant seeds right down the road, but then you should later thin them out. And I've got another page on that coming up. How to space plants. How often to have a plant when you plant them. But generally, this is a pretty good guide. I haven't ever seen anything like this before, except in my grandfather's book, which is 40 years old. These hills, you're going to want to plant a hill, right? You could. Yeah. Your cantaloup, it depends on your spacing of the hill. If I was to make a hill, I would probably, a cantaloup, for instance, I would probably put three seeds in there. Or maybe more, but thin out later to about three. It depends, though, if you're going to. It's something you'll have to figure out yourself. I'm going to let you figure that out. Well, I know, when you say three hills, are you talking about three plants? Are you talking about? No, in general, a cantaloupe, you probably plant about three seeds. You get down to pumpkin, you might only do two. Because pumpkins put out so big a leaf, and they grow so vigorous. Because probably they need a little more room than cantaloupes do. But if you look on here, for instance, I think they have pumpkin on here, don't they? No, I don't see pumpkins on here, but one thing I... Or do they have? I'm sure they have pumpkins. How about watermelon? Do you like those? I do. As far as watermelon goes, I like the small ones. I've got a smaller family, four people. Especially if you don't have refrigeration. The small one is more convenient. You can eat it all in one city. A 200-pound watermelon, what's four people going to do with that? But for a party, it'd be great. I was going to mention... They don't mention pumpkin on here, but they do mention winter squash. I was almost sure there was pumpkin on here. I might have missed that. So I transcribed it by hand. Anyway, I was surprised that winter squash has much more nutrition than pumpkin. You would think it would be the same thing, but it's not. Winter squash is a little different family. And they're really good. Just running down, look at the first section, vitamins A and C. Their vegetables are pretty high in both. Does everybody know what mustard is? It's a green. There's different kinds of mustard. The one that is the best is not as peppery and hot. It's called tender green. And that thing, you won't believe it. In 30 days, you can have a crop of that. And it's great. You can follow something up. And they fall after you finish the other crops. And have that green. And it's very high as you see. Collard's, everybody know what collard's are? Does anybody know what collard's are? Well, a collard is a cauliflower that didn't go to school. It's a coarse member of the cabbage family. It makes leaves that you can pick the side leaves. And it will continue to grow. You can keep picking it. It's very frost tolerant. Collards would probably stand 20 degrees frost or more, even for days at a time, and survive. I had collards all winter this year in my garden. And we got down to 8, 5 to 8 degrees. And they survived. Just over. Do you think mustard greens are kind of hot? Yeah, especially in a hot time of the year, hot time of the year. In the fall, they're a little better. But there's different kinds of mustard. And let me tell you, the tender green mustard is the one that you want to grow. But the others will be much hotter. I've got a mix in iguana. Yeah, it's a flavor too. Bustard greens? I don't know. Pie in vitamins. Yeah. Well, they're not hot. How do I describe it? Well, it's spicy. I don't think of the... Just remember, literally, nitric oberpanising Iactina, you wanna feed your iguana, you're a direct manager. Nice guy, man. I'm going to eat. I'm going to take a good time. Thanks, Mark. When you say about it, it's all winter. It's just like it's all winter. It's just like it's all winter. It's all winter. As you pick off the leaves, they get taller. They'll get them about this fall and have a thing of leaves on top. If you look on here, you heard Michael talk about broccoli a lot. Look at the vitamins. Which one has more? Now, broccoli does have some other things that Collins doesn't have. And I think it probably is higher and some cancer preventing vitamins or whatever it happens to be. He used a word for it. I forget what it was. Probably antioxidants. Antioxidants. Yeah. But he doesn't like it. That might be good. Yeah. There's a real simple rule to follow as far as vitamins in fresh, leafy, green plants. I'm not necessarily green. But the darker the green the leaf is, the more vitamins, especially vitamin A in the food. Or the yellower the leaf or the vegetable is, the more vitamin content you have. And while I go to the suburbs of the Gort family, I've got a funny little story. My great-grandfather used to take my prickly nipple aside. My great-grandmother didn't like that. That was a numb-rub. Whenever he would, she'd catch him while she'd make him sleep in the barn. So, he took the propagating Gortz. And, you know, Gortz, you can't eat them. You might make decorations of Halloween or something. But, it took the whole family years to figure out why he was growing Gortz. After the plant was dry, the Gortz would just lay on the ground. He'd drill a little hole in the bottom, fill them up with whiskey, and put a little pork in there, and set them back down. That was his stash. So, Gortz had a lot of uses that you may not have thought of. Every single use of the forcantinia. Well, going to the second group, number two, high in vitamin A. Look at those and tell me, everybody knows all those. Maybe Swiss chard is a little strange for some of you. It's a green also. Goes from C. But, look at that carrot. If there was one plant that I would recommend everybody learn to grow, it's carrots. Because, you can see by far, they're the tops in vitamin A. And, take a guess on, I want to hear three guesses on how much per acre, with good practice, you can grow carrots. How much do you think? I've seen the imperial value, so I'll stay up. A little bit of a. Let me have a guess. How many pounds of tons, for an acre? How many pounds? 20 pounds. 20 pounds. 20 pounds. Y'all right off, right off, it's from 10 to 20 tons per acre. That is just incredible. And, in a home, home, situation, you might even get more, because, you can squeeze things in, a little better, and, you don't have to use, mechanical, on harvest. So, carrots, and, and carrots eat good too. I, I keep carrots in the ground, all that are wrong, in my climate. If you wanted to, you could probably, uh, cover them up in the north. I think, Ron mentioned that. They, they cover theirs up, and they keep all wet. So, what's the, storage, there's no storage problems. Uh, the only problem with carrots is a fine seed, and, uh, it's a little hard to come up. Um, you need to make sure they stay moist, and, have, a soft soil to be able to push through. And, uh, you really can't beat carrots. They taste good too. They taste a little different. Depending on your soil, they, they may be a little stronger. They'll have a, more carrot flavor than what's your commercial ones. Of course, those have been sitting around for weeks or months too. How many of you live in Southern California? Did you, uh, find out when they're harvesting carrots in the Imperial Valley? You know where that's at? They'll sit there up, and go out there, when they're actually pulling them out of the ground, loading them up in the trucks. And, any of those, dirt roads, or even the major highway, you just drive along, and you can pick up bushels, and bushels, and bushels of carrots that are dropped off the trucks, because they, they just mount, they get so many carrots, that they don't care. And, if they lose them, they mount them in the trucks, until they're falling off, and they fall off for miles. You know? I'm serious. When I lived in Southern California, I used to drive over there, and throw up little baskets full of carrots, and take them off. Sometimes, that came down from huge, temperatures, low, and out on a cattle farm, and cattle eating for a long time. Sure. Now, there's one crop here that, that's not listed. I couldn't get any, uh, good information on it, but it's something you might consider, and that's, uh, sugar beets. It's kind of a strange idea, but, once in a while, we'd probably like to add some sugar, for a holiday, or something maybe. You can, you can actually grow your own sugar, with sugar beets. And, they're good cattle feed too. They grow huge, uh, five, six pounds, low. Oh, you can grow a lot of those, a million. Oh, yeah. Carrots, and the sugar, these are excellent deer bait too. You know, if you wanted to pour them a little extra meat, or something like that, we'll put you some carrots, you know, they bring these out in the crowd, or something. I don't know. They're good, that will back lift too. So, they're, they're good bait for hunting. That's good. We're going to group number three, which are high in vitamin C. Most people, know about tomatoes, it's the most common. crop grown. It's, they're, they're pretty easy to grow. Um, one thing you might, I might mention though, there's two different, in general, there's two varieties of tomatoes. One is a determinate, and one is indeterminate. Variety. The determinate varieties, grow to a certain height, and then they stop. They generally bear a shorter time, because they only grow, so-called, uh, the indeterminate, will continue to grow, and grow, and grow, and grow, until they get sick, or, or it gets crossed, which in my area, that's, that's the end of the tomatoes. But, um, they have different uses. is, for instance, if you wanted to, can, you might grow a determinate tomato, because they all come at once, and you can get your cannon out of the way. But, for fresh eating, you might want to, uh, grow an indeterminate tomato, because if you have them longer, they just continue along the way, all the time. Um, tomatoes are probably one of the easiest vegetables to can, if you're, if you're going to be canning them. They don't require as much cooking. They're, they're safe, and, um, they're pretty good canned, too. They're pretty good, if you don't have anything else, but for you. The other green vegetables next, um, some people don't know that, that beans come in either bush form, or pole form. That is, that some grow only two feet high, and bare. Some grow on a pole, they can grow up, they can grow way on up. And, um, the bush beans are sort of like the determinate tomatoes. They grow fast, you might only get one or two or three pickings at the most off of them, and then they're finished. The pole beans grow taller, they continue to bear less at one time, but for a longer time. So, they have different purposes, but, and there's different advantages, if, um, if you can't bend over and pick them, the pole beans are nicer. A lot of, a lot of people might not want to do that. Green beans. Green beans. Four. Just ignore. Okay. Wrong mission, that's the, the job he hates the most, is picking green bush beans. Oh yeah. I don't mind it, because I like to get them out of the way. Get them finished. And, and the, uh, those beans grow faster. They're, they'll, they'll bear faster. So, if you've got a, cold climate, where you have a short season, that might be a good idea. Y'all in California, you've got a whole different situation. You grow anything, anything. Just about. There may be a few limitations. You get a green house, you're on. Um, how about okra? Yeah. Yeah? Yeah. That's very, that's the thing I've heard about. That's a lot. You ever have fried okra? Yeah, oh yeah. That is fun. School better, isn't it? You know what I used to do? I used to brush up my parents with me in the kitchen, and they'd be doing it before I was riding eating the kitchen. I used to draw my stuff okra behind the refrigerator. And when we move them, I thought a big pile of beans I made okra. But notice, compare beans and okra on this chart. Yeah. That's all I think about. Yeah. Um, they're higher than the green beans. They're higher than the green beans. So, that's something to think about. Um, I like okra. And in the south, it's not only traditional, but it tends to grow in the hottest weather, when a lot of other things might just wilt away and die. Jim? Um, I think another good point about hopefully is that it grows in just poor soil. You don't have to have to have to have to have the green soil. Right. It doesn't grow anymore. He says it grows in poor soil, and that's true. It will really grow. Now, if you grow okra, wear long sleeves and gloss to pick it, unless you're really tough skinned, because it's a prickly plant. But, um, it's not friendly, it looks like soil. Come on, one, you can carry it accordingly, or we'll give you a tiny toss, but we'll have to Okay. Have you ever eaten Campbell's vegetable soup? Anybody ever eaten Campbell's vegetable soup? You've eaten okra? You didn't know it, did you? That, that adds something to a soup. Believe it. A soup is something, if we're in a survival situation, soup is easy to cook, you can put all kinds of things in it, and, um, soup is, is a mainstake for, for, um, for subsistence living. It really is, because you can add, you can make it so many different ways, add so many different things to it, and, um, okra makes your soup much better, believe me. If you've ever had Campbell's soup, you've eaten okra, you didn't know it. They grinded out a little bit, but, you were eating it. Um, the starchy vegetable, group 5, any questions on that? I've got a question on the truck general. Ok. It talks about 8 to 12 feet on the, um, I guess, for waiting for the rows, or, you know, for the finish 8 to 12. Yeah. Um, what's the spacing on the front? I'll, I'll go to that next, I'll start passing around now. Any other questions? Any other questions? отличon is Mediccane, any group working on scene? On trains, bands can chat back and ask you for more on time. youre a few more at home. Yeah. Are people just for the final? Fiiler någon? Quantum. No. Can you get a few breathes? No.. Wayne. can you SUPE one for dealing evenфert? the deal point? Spiel point? Okay, the question was, how do you make cornmeal? Just a minute here. Cornmeal is either flint or bent-formed, and you grind it, but not completely. Milling or grinding can be done fine or coarse. And usually your cornmeal is just not quite as fine as flour. You can buy corn flour, and that's what they make tortillas with. But cornmeal, like for cornbread, that's just not quite a fine grind. I use my Vitamix, and sometimes it's hard to control. It's not a real grinding machine, even though it will grind almost anything. But that's all it is. It's just ground up. I didn't mention popcorn, but it's good. It keeps. It grows. And everybody knows how to make popcorn. The problem is, where are you going to get that oil? Butter or something. Oil is a problem. That's one of the things that I haven't been able to perfect a good idea of how to make myself. I've never pursued it. You could get it from soybeans. You could get it from corn. Peanuts. Sunflowers. It takes quite a bit. Oil is going to be a pretty good choice of people in the river. Can you do that in California? Oh, yeah. Yeah. Well, those people are going to have it made. No, they're going to have it. Yeah. Those are the trees. I don't know. Olive trees. Olive trees. I don't know that it could be grown in everywhere, though. I think it's got to be more of a gentry. I bet it does. Yes. We'll be up. Oh, Karen, what was your question? Why don't you have turnips on this list? Well, I don't know. What I will tell you is that I was surprised. I like turnips. I grow turnips. My family doesn't like to eat the greens, but I do. Turnips, I believe, when I started looking it up, turnips were not all that high. I was surprised. They're not all that high in vitamins. But I still grow them because they are very tough for winter use. And when I was outside, I had a little story to tell about turnips. Where I live in Israel County, Arkansas, northern Arkansas, down in the southern part of the county, not in my village or town area, there's a little town called Guyon. And Guyon, Arkansas, has a mysterious person that nobody knows who it is. And his nickname is Johnny Turnip Sea. And along the fall, all of a sudden, people will find turnips coming up in their flower beds. And where somebody's bulldozed a field, cleared a field out for grazing, all of a sudden, an anchor of turnips will just come up. And there's somebody walking around with turnips seeds and casting them around. And they're one thing that I know for sure that can come up almost on their own. Now, Diana tried it. It didn't work. But I don't know. It did. I tried it when I knew it was too much, but it was a pretty true event. And I did. I did get it on the journey. So, and you mentioned radishes. Radishes, I think they probably could have gone on this list. Now, I didn't make this up. I got it out of the book. But radishes are, they're pretty good. There's different kinds of radishes, too. Recently, it's become more available as the oriental radishes. These things grow this big. I figure out where they call them daikon is one name for it. And they're supposed to be pretty good. I've really never eaten them. I've eaten all radishes. And they're good. They're great. Right, Karen? 30 days or less for little ones. So, if you like radishes, I would say go home, children. What are you going to do? Well, I don't think so. I've grown lettuce in the tropics. And I've grown in mid-Texas. And one type of lettuce that is probably the hardest to grow is iceberg lettuce. Believe it or not. Lettuce is a fast crop. But it's a crop that tends to go to seed. And bolt is the word for it. It lengthens out and throws out that seed. If you were to choose lettuce, a lettuce crop, find out what grows good in your area. If I could make some suggestions. Oak leaf is a type of lettuce that makes a leaf shape like an oak leaf. It's not very big, but it's real tolerant to that bolting. That's something if I was going to select lettuce, look for something tolerant to bolting. They'll say bolt tolerant or long picking or something like that. Lettuce is not that hard to grow. Especially the leaf lettuce. Romaine would be medium hard to grow. The easiest is a soft, buttery leaf lettuce. It doesn't make any head at all. It just kind of spreads out. But the way I go, I'll go into how I grow lettuce a little bit. Yes? Chair, I just wanted to mention that when you're talking about... Chair, I just wanted to mention that when you're talking about these, the vitamin content and such, that you're talking about the raw food. Anytime you cook food, you're going to lose a lot of those. Good point. I'll tell you, I cut that off of this. This, because it wouldn't fit on the page. But at the bottom of this chart, they did mention that these vitamins work for raw vegetables, except those that are not normally eaten raw. So when you look at soybeans or potatoes, and probably sweet corn, I believe those figures are for cooked. So, and probably mustard, that'd probably be cooked for... And since, I bet, since this was done 40 years ago, I bet that broccoli was eaten cooked. Although, a lot of people eat raw broccoli now, too. Carrots would probably be uncooked. Yes? Yes. Yes. Yes. Yes. People that are... People that are in cancer type diets, if you want to lose... I eat you. You have the water. If you're cooking at a food that destroys enzymes. And I guess another reason to help study... It helps digest those, too. you know jack's comment was that if you uh if you eat raw vegetables you're getting the most out of it and that's that's a fact there's no denying that so um heck it's even even easier and you don't have to go light that campfire you might have to survival other questions okay well that next phase that i passed out the first one that talks about um the difference between farming and gardening that's a little chart i made up showing you different spacings for an intensive form of farming which is gardening and the standard farming method which would allow you to um to even buy the tractor in most of these cases between the rows um since on a survival basis you might not have that equipment and after all who wants to you might not have the land to grow in a large scale style and in some cases the um intensive growing is even becoming more uh used by farmers um when i show you these figures for gardening what i'm talking about is planning by the square foot and this part came from a book that's called square foot gardening it's pretty popular and uh the basic idea for doing that is to use the soil to its fullest extent for backyard gardening or for for intensive gardening is what they call it and i'll tell you what i'm going to go ahead along along with that one i'm going to pass out or did i did i pass that one for soil fertility okay good well uh we'll go into that now um in your in your garden you you really need to first start off and get a soil test even if you're not going to farm it now or or do anything at least plant a place that you're going to garden and get a soil test that's the first step you really shouldn't even touch it unless you know what you're doing as far as the soil goes and in the soil you've got different nutrients the major ones npk nitrogen phosphorus and potassium i've gotten this written down so that uh it tells you just basically what it does for the plant and how to know if you've already started the plant if it's deficient nitrogen is mostly used for photosynthesis what that photosynthesis is is how the plant takes sunlight and produces energy it's a solar energy factory is in those leaves and uh don't try to grow a garden in the shade it won't grow i've seen a lot of people that uh planted in the shade the more sun the better it's really true even uh even 100 sun all day long in the tropics the um people will say well it's gonna be too hot it can't be too hot if you can get the water to your planet it can't be too hot or too much sun it really can so uh the most sun the most of some people that grow uh indoors leave the light on all the time night and day sometimes that's not good for and that's kind of special but i was looking at the uh packaged seeds that jack jack has in a camp and i noticed they had sweet spanish onions and here's an example of sunlight you know that the sun length of day is shorter up north for instance and the far north the days are only they're much less out than further south when you get to the equator the day and eight it's almost as same as the night year round some plants are key to that length of sunlight for instance onions is a real good example there are two types of onions generally short day and long day and wherever you live you'll need to find out and i tell you i can't remember which way it is right now but uh northern people will need a they'll need a short day that's it they'll need a short day onion if you brush a long day onion up north you might never get onions because that plant is key to the fall when it knows the season is done it bulbs out it makes it stores up food if you plant a short day onion in uh in the south you can't cook onion about this day right in in uh june probably and that's all so you want to get the right uh the right variety for the amount of sunlight the other one i can think of that sensitive to that is corn i think that's one reason why they grow different horns north to south um if you trace elements is something most people don't know about and that's something only a soil test will be able to tell you and so uh you can go out and buy fertilizer and does anybody know how you rate fertilizer have you ever heard of 10 15 5 or something like that that is in first number p second number k potassium the third number and uh that stands for if you have 100 pounds of that fertilizer you will have say you you're using 13 13 13 which is real popular for some reason but uh say you're using that 100 pounds of that fertilizer has 13 pounds of each element in it that's how that's how we get those numbers now myself i use both natural and commercial fertilizer this year i use no fertilizer at all on my garden one part of it the other part i use commercial fertilizer at one plot which is five years building the soil it's like i said it's halfway to to chocolate cake and um it's coasting this year because i've built it over the years it's just able to coast the only crop i added anything to was spinach because it's a heavy heavy feeder so i have a little bit of that um 13 13 um i have another plot which i've just started two years and it's very sandy sandy sandy soils are hard to build up fertility it washes out the fertility of sandy soil so i'm using 13 13 this year but i've got on a i've got about two dump truck loads of compost that i've made to put on this winter so next year i'll probably every year i'll use less but you should put something on every year unless you're really sure what soil you have um in a survival situation i've got to go out to the feed store or garden shop and buy buy this fertilizer so if you look on here um your nitrogen the best source is either manure or compost and i'll get in the compost at the bottom here but um manure is good for almost anything if you've added manure to your soil in enough and large enough amounts you won't have a problem potassium is also known as potash that's another another way to look at it and wood ashes work real good they don't last very long so uh you'll might have to you will have to put it on year by year but in a survival situation most of us are going to have some wood burning involved there so we'll have that and if nothing else burn some wood for people on the campfire uh-huh would those wood ashes tend to be uh lie if you put in water through no no uh oh you can't mainline with wood ash yeah but spread on on the soil no uh let's see what is what is my what's the point of that definition if you're worried about make you know being lying in your soil yeah no until the advent of commercial fertilizer manure and wood ashes were used in every garden in every field in this country and produced a wonderful cross of vegetables for a couple of hundred years no it hasn't happened yeah i haven't had that happen but you can make lying and uh if you wanted to make uh soap you better save your wood ashes and uh and keep them dry because the soap is going to be something you would need and uh you'll need some sources of oil or fat to make that soap but um you need wood ashes to make wine is uh animal manure better than human human manure is equal to hog manure and uh as far as your manure so i'll i'll give it to you from uh strongest to weakest just remember one thing all manure is good for fertilizer if you're some of the smaller than others but if you use human manure you run the risk of spreading disease they use human manure almost exclusively in japan if you're buying vegetables that came from japan and you don't properly treat those vegetables you stand a good chance of getting some kind of a human and they don't eat much salad right they cook most of all of it so um when it comes to potassium no no uh phosphorus rather um you notice remember yesterday miles was talking about the buffalo bones well uh that is a source of phosphorus his bones and you it doesn't take as much as you might think now um phosphorus in the it is slowly released generally plants don't need a whole lot of it but they need it steadily and uh if you if you just grind up some bones that'll work um the steel mill slag most of us don't have a steel mill but you got them in california you got them in the northeast in the upper midwest and uh the slag from that is perfectly good fertilizer aren't there a lot of heavy metals are you in the steel mill slag i mean bad stuff well i don't know i guess it would depend on what kind of steel what was in there that's a good question i can't answer it would probably depend on where it came from and what impurities were there well maybe i didn't realize that the book i've never used it but the books that i consulted i was looking for um waste sources for a fertilizer or things that you could get um that may be available without a commercial sale and that was one that they recommended it you have to be careful about that especially this recommended by the government they also recommend uranium failings from uranium rise and radioactive waste from nuclear processing plants and things that still have low level radiation output over hundreds of years and they used to tell you that low level radiation exposure didn't hurt you but now we know that it's one of the most deadliest forms of radiation that there is and it's the most likely to cause cancer it's great tobacco and also know that that's one way they've been killing people who smoke they're putting uranium failing lightings ever since they started uranium laying in this background with tobacco fields and of course that radioactivity is picked up in small amounts and you're smoking it and your lungs get that radioactive in the air and you die if you're a smoker that's something to think about it well i didn't research very deep into that sphagnum that's probably a good subject to check on i didn't mention granite dust where would you get granite dust any idea any amount of stone that's that's a good one um people that carve gravestones out of granite or if they mine granite in your areas that's a no-brainer but um i i haven't i haven't been able to pick it up yet but my local gravestone engraver says i can come and get it by the um big tubs full all along the roads in california it's all being put granite there and granite dust every year rain down and the big trucks come on all up yeah all of your things also it's decomposing off a road cut yeah uh-huh there's another substitute that you can use it can't find granite dust which they do have commercially available by the way you can buy it by the day i don't have the address of the supplier but i don't know if you're talking about here but you can uh is you see the volcanic ash around here yeah if you take that and crush it it's very easy to crush we've got basically the same thing and uh we'll produce tremendous vegetables bob can probably kind of get places in hawaii where japanese people came in and bought uh areas of cinder way in covered with cinder that nobody else would use they went in there with big bulldozers and crushed the cinder and planted the crops and they're getting record sized vegetables just from raising it in the in the crushed cinder from what i understand one of the richest farmland found after the mountain helens went away i mean plants are going there and the whole san joaquin valley many many millions of years ago there's a huge explosion it blew that whole mountain way into the cap so all that ash from there is what san joaquin valley that was such a rich rich farming area one of the biggest problems with our food supply now is that we've over farmed the land and this is not an exaggeration and it's not some some wacko environmental state but it's true we have produced so many crops from the land we've completed the mineral supplies in the land so that that now we're eating vegetables that should be packed full of all the minerals that you need to trade elements and they have very very little and so that equates to us not having the required minerals in our body so everybody should really be taking mineral supplements if you're eating vegetables as you buy it from safely well you know in general soil is soil is formed by different ways some of your bed soils are closer to the um to the weathering process soil weathering from closer to the weathering from rock and that's an example you're talking about um granite dust would be weathered mechanically by a machine a machine um i i live close to a rock crusher where they crush rocks for road beds and so on and at one part of the process and there's real fine stuff and i've used a lot of that in making potting soil and really seemed to help there's just stuff from there that um that is not washed out see um the next section is on wine and it's interesting that your uh western soils which have less rainfall do not need lime they're alkaline whereas your eastern soils with higher rainfalls are acid and the process from that is um your atmosphere contains the um carbon dioxide as your air as your water droplets fall through they become slightly acidic this acid rain is natural believe it or not some of it may be man-made but it's natural too because all of your caves are formed that way the reaction of carbonic acid and line of stone will eat away a cave so it's something that's been going on forever but um lime is important calcium builds your strong bones you hear that and uh calcium is deficient in any acidic soil and to some extent it might be bound up even in alkaline soils um one of the things that happens when you use compost compost is slightly acidic with a substance called humane acid and that actually will help release the calcium to a usable form for your plants to be able to take it up that's one of the benefits of compost that most people really don't understand and calcium is real important it makes up the cell walls of a plant and makes that plant strong um it'll if a wheat crop without calcium the wind can blow it down easy uh corn it could bend over easier um and calcium you need that for your body and they say more and more is the more calcium the better as long as it's natural i think we're going to be a lot more than that i don't and actually if you don't take the supplements i don't think i think you're always going to need calcium the most you can get from what you eat and calcium is pretty easy to get to it again it's ground rock limestone gypsum different kinds of white chalky rocks oyster shells even any source of of lime and you can tell if you get a soil test they'll tell you what kind of lime you need to put on like you're if you need it lime is needs to be done ahead of time it releases over a slow period of a slow time don't uh expect to get an effect if you plow your ground put lime on it plant you need to do that in the fall or months ahead of time so that's something even if you're not going to garden for survival now you can get your soil started and uh i would suggest that everybody if you plan to have any any idea that you're going to do this or be able to do this go ahead and get started now um if nothing else try that we when you don't stand you don't have anything to lose if you lose it it doesn't work well you can still buy the wheat now later on you might not have that opportunity to fail you it might be critical um there's a lot of other things you could you could plant now which are generally called cover crops if you talk to your extension agent they will call it a cover crop you could um use clover or um what you're doing is you're getting your soil ready to plant you're getting it in a proper um broken up to what what you need you're getting your fertility right and you're also by using a cover crop you're smuggling out weeds which could get you in trouble later on a good idea for a cover crop is if you're not going to be harvesting this stuff will be a combination of things a legume which is a big member of the bean family will add nitrogen to your soil that's another source for nitrogen and you remember michael was talking the other day about combining crops together in nature you seldom have one crop that grows by itself so in a cover crop situation where it's not critical to be able to read these wheat this wheat done with a machine my neighbor did a real good cover crop last year of clover and wheat together but it depends on where you live you might have better luck in the south with black eyed peas and buckwheat or some some combination is better than a single one for a cover crop you can also think about a dual purpose too because some good cover crops also for the end of the season you make good grazing for animals you bet and then uh you're getting double maybe even triple because one of the animals leave behind yeah and an animal can create can take a raw carbon material and within hours turn it into fertilizer there's no fact you can hardly hear that that just within hours i'm gonna cook you a pretty good um have you heard of ph ph ph ph balance shampoo uh things like that well that that refers to the uh well just to make it simple it refers to either acid or alkaline i've got a little chart here showing you which crops prefer which in general you can grow anything around that neutral point however and and you have to you have to take a compromise most of the time um in order to control the ph in order to bring it more towards alkaline yeah okay anybody know lime lime to bring it more in the uh acid is a little harder any ideas how you can mix more acid yeah anything else yeah sulfur sulfur will do it because then that sulfur mixes with uh water it will form a sulfuric acid you can also use vinegar yeah right i'm serious you can put vinegar in a spray bottle and you can just spray white sort of vinegar with soil and it's just enough finish now it's easier to to um to bring the soil towards alkaline than it is to bring a soil uh an alkaline soil towards um acid because generally alkaline soils has so much calcium it's really hard to do it but if you had a terrible alkaline an alkaline soil even you left that around here you might have to to uh do something compost is a good idea though well that's it for today ladies and gentlemen and in case you didn't hear the announcement at the beginning of the broadcast looks like the war is going to start pretty soon right here on this mountaintop in the round valley of arizona caught a united states marshal trespassing on our property today we ran him off and uh of course he and his buddies will be back and we will protect our rights with every means at our disposal and i mean every means if everybody had been willing to do that for many years past we wouldn't be in the situation we're in today good night folks god bless each and every single one of you good night oh where have you been my blue-eyed son oh where have you been my darling young one i've stumbled on side of twelve misty mountains i've walked and i've crawled on six-quicketed highways i've stepped in the middle of seven sad forest i've been out in front of a dozen dead oceans i've been ten thousand miles in the mouth of a graveyard and it's hard it's hard it's hard it's hard it's hard it's gonna fall unlaughs is just I heard the sound of a thunder that roared out in water And the roar of a wave that could drown the whole world I heard one hundred drummers whose hands were amazing I heard ten thousand whispers nobody missing I heard one burst a star but many people laughing I heard the song of a thunder that roared in the gutter The sound of a downy drive in the alley And it's hard, it's hard, it's hard, it's hard, it's hard It's hard, it's hard You've been listening to the Hour of the Time with yours truly, William Cooper Don't forget to tune in tomorrow at the same time For another episode of the Hour of the Time We now return to you to our regularly scheduled broadcasting We just wait four and six minutes Now, let's go for a second We'll on issues of oneおな новые It's hard to 해요 It's hard to keep you You went and that's hard to Hol Phoenix Let's go for a second What about the tempo你就 There's always going to be El 나 Judo We'll have to wait two months At the same time We'll have to continue If the time is triñana I'm sorry We'll go for a second We'll just let you These protocols Per 1 We'll offer you